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LIPOIC ACID
DESCRIPTION : Lipoic acid is a ''non-vitamin" nutrient that is essential to life. It is not classified as a vitamin because it is produced in the body, but it is not clear that we produce optimal amounts in all conditions. Supplements of lipoic acid can improve physical and other performance, especially under stressful conditions.
BIOCHEMISTRY : Lipoic acid helps convert pyruvate (the outcome of glycolysis, or sugar-burning) into acetyl coenzyme A, a main fuel driving the Krebs' cycle. Lipoic acid is also involved in alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, a key energy process in the Krebs' cycle.
PHYSIOLOGY : The interlocking glycolytic and Krebs' cycles produce 90% to 95% of the energy our bodies use. The outcome of the Krebs' cycle is ATP, the actual energy carrier. This all happens in the mitochondria of the cells. All body processes depend on sufficient energy resources for optimal functioning. Lipoic acid protects against the effects of toxic metals in the liver, as long as it gets there first, and the amount of toxin is not overwhelming. It is very useful in hepatitis. It even prevented the accumulation of myocardial epinephrine and adrenal norepinephrine in animals subjected to emotional pain stress, and in human heart disease patients it decreased epinephrine excretion, and enhanced the elimination of vanillylmandelic acid and norepinephrine. Lipoic acid also functions as an antioxidant, though apparently indirectly. Reduced glutathione delays microsomal lipid peroxidation via the reduction of vitamin E radicals, catalyzed by a free radical reductase enzyme. Reduced lipoic acid in turn reduces oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione, positioning it to do its work. The authors' conclusion: "This may provide a rationale for the therapeutic effectiveness of lipoic acid." Russian research concluded that "lipoic acid administration for 2 months was associated with a rise of the glutathione level in the red cells of patients with Stages II and III open-angle glaucoma."
INDICATIONS : Lipoic acid supplementation is appropriate wherever increased energy is needed to meet the demands of life. This includes support for athletics, repairing and protecting the liver, energy for the brain and the immune system, and overall vitality. Lipoic acid is also indicated for antioxidant or toxicity protection, including open-angle glaucoma, amanita mushroom poisoning, and diabetic neuropathy.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE : 30 mg to 150 mg per day, as needed or as recommended by a health care professional.
TOXICITY, CAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS : None indicated.